Matthew 24:1-2 (TS2009) And going out, YHWSO went away from the Set-apart Place, and His taught ones came near to point out to Him the buildings of the Set-apart Place. And YHWSO said to them, “Do you not see all these? Truly, I say to you, not one stone shall be left here upon another, at all, which shall not be thrown down.”

The Son of God predicts the destruction of the physical temple in Jerusalem. It would be completely destroyed in 70 AD by the Romans.

Matthew 24:3 (TS2009) And as He sat on the Mount of Olives, the taught ones came to Him separately, saying, “Say to us, when shall this be, and what is the sign of Your coming, and of the end of the age?”

The disciples ask about His second coming in the future at the time of the end. The disciples are God's chosen ones and the expectation was of course for God's Kingdom ruled by the Son of God and God's chosen ones which would happen in the future at the time of the end. The age until the Messiah's first coming is about God's people consisting of the 12 tribes of Israel. The age until His second coming is about all the nations in the world. With the completion of that age comes the completion of the Kingdom of God. And God's Kingdom will only be complete once all God's chosen ones are taken up into heaven. In the time of the end there will still be a remainder of God's chosen ones on earth (Revelation 12:17). The Messiah foretold the signs of the time of the end...

Matthew 24:4-5 (TS2009) And YHWSO answering, said to them, “Take heed that no one leads you astray. “For many shall come in My Name, saying, ‘I am the Messiah,’ and they shall lead many astray.

Based on Old Testament prophecies the Jews were expecting the Messiah in those days and already at that time false messiahs arose (1 John 4:1, 2 Corinthians 11:13, Galatians 2:4, 2 Peter 2:1, Acts 13:6).
But in that time such events were regional, not global. Shortly before the time of the end there will be many false messiahs everywhere. With the internet and modern technology it is not hard to imagine how these will spread throughout the whole world.

Matthew 24:6-8 (TS2009) And you shall begin to hear of fightings and reports of fightings. See that you are not troubled, for these have to take place, but the end is not yet. For nation shall rise against nation, and reign against reign. And there shall be scarcities of food, and deadly diseases, and earthquakes in places. And all these are the beginning of birth pains.

Wars, rumours of wars, hunger, deadly diseases and earthquakes always took place throughout history (Acts 11:28, 28:9, 16:26). But the beginning of birth pains is likely a parallel to the symbolic woman in Revelation 12 who is pregnant and cried out in labour and in pain to give birth (Revelation 12:13). The distress and chaos close to the time of the end will be global in scale. The Messiah likely talks about the Four Horsemen that will bring war, hunger, and death, killing a fourth of the earth's population shortly before the beginning of the time of the end.

Matthew 24:9-13 (TS2009) Then they shall deliver you up to affliction and kill you, and you shall be hated by all nations for My Name’s sake. And then many shall stumble, and they shall deliver up one another, and shall hate one another. And many false prophets shall rise up and lead many astray. And because of the increase in lawlessness, the love of many shall become cold. But he who shall have endured to the end shall be saved.

The Messiah is talking to all of God's chosen ones. From Jerusalem to Greece and Rome the disciples of the Son of God were persecuted, imprisoned and killed (Acts 7). In the time of the end the remainder of God's chosen ones will also be persecuted and killed all over the world in order to complete the government of the Kingdom of God in heaven (Revelation 12:17). Those who shall have endured to the end shall be saved likely talks about God's chosen ones that will be taken up into heaven after their deaths. The Messiah told them: He who has found his life shall lose it, and he that has lost his life for My sake shall find it. (Matthew 10:39)

Matthew 24:14 (TS2009) And this Good News of the reign shall be proclaimed in all the world as a witness to all the nations, and then the end shall come.

The Good News of the Kingdom of God will be proclaimed in all the world to all the nations. From the viewpoint of God's people in the time until the Messiah "all the world" meant all the lands inhabited by the descendants of the twelve tribes of Israel. After the Messiah's death and resurrection His disciples spread the Good News of the Kingdom of God throughout the Greek and Roman Empire to the descendants of the twelve tribes of Israel, the lost sheep of Israel. With the death of His disciples that work was completed. The age since then encompasses the whole world because God turned from the Israelites, who kept refusing God, to all people in the world. So when the Good News is proclaimed in all the world, then the time of the end is about to begin. I believe this Good News will be spread throughout the world by the remainder of God's chosen ones on earth, and after they have been killed they will be taken into heaven to complete the government of God's Kingdom and the time of the end will start.

Matthew 24:15-20 (TS2009) So when you see the ‘abomination that lays waste,’ spoken of by Daniel the prophet, set up in the set-apart place” – he who reads, let him understand – then let those who are in Yehudah flee to the mountains. Let him who is on the house-top not come down to take whatever out of his house. And let him who is in the field not turn back to get his garments. And woe to those who are pregnant and to those who are nursing children in those days! And pray that your flight does not take place in winter or on the Sabbath.

This is a warning for the people in the time of the end to flee to the spiritual mountains of God. In the Old Testament for example Zion and Jerusalem are likened to mountains of God (Psalms 2:6, Daniel 9:16). Verses 17 and 18 warn to not hesitate when the moment comes. Perhaps a reminder of the story of Lot's wife who looked back at the destruction of Sodom despite God's warning that those who looked back would turn into a pillar of salt. Luke said: Remember the wife of Lot. Whoever seeks to save his life shall lose it, and whoever loses his life shall preserve it. (Luke 17:32-33) Eventually the New Jerusalem will come from heaven to earth. God will provide for His people and He will certainly help them.

The phrase pray that your flight does not take place in winter or on the Sabbath implies that the Son of God does not know when exactly this will take place. This means it doesn't talk about the destruction of the physical temple in Jerusalem in 70 AD, but about the time of the end of which even the Son of God doesn't know the exact timing (Mark 13:32). In addition, the physical temple in Jerusalem became irrelevant by His death and resurrection around 33 AD, because He became the temple (John 2:21).

Matthew 24:21-22 (TS2009) For then there shall be great distress, such as has not been since the beginning of the world until this time, no, nor ever shall be. And if those days were not shortened, no flesh would be saved, but for the sake of the chosen ones those days shall be shortened.

I believe this is the beginning of the time of the end. The phrase if those days were not shortened, no flesh would be saved means that if God would not intervene humanity would be destroyed. But for the sake of the chosen ones those days shall be shortened might indicate that God will intervene to not delay to avenge the blood of the chosen ones (Revelation 6:10) with God's punishments that will follow thereafter.

Matthew 24:23-26 (TS2009) If anyone then says to you, ‘Look, here is the Messiah!’ or ‘There!’ do not believe. For false messiahs and false prophets shall arise, and they shall show great signs and wonders, so as to lead astray, if possible, even the chosen ones. See, I have forewarned you. So if they say to you, ‘Look, He is in the desert!’ do not go out; or ‘Look, He is in the inner rooms!’ do not believe.

The remainder of God's chosen ones is still on earth. The desert, or wilderness, is a place of testing as is for example evidenced by the 40 days of the Son of God in the desert, which happened after His baptism and shortly before He started proclaiming the Kingdom of God. It was in the desert that the Son of God was met by Satan (Matthew 4). The "inner room" is often used as a private place for prayer. Talking to His chosen ones the Son of God said: But you, when you pray, go into your room, and having shut your door, pray to your Father who is in the secret place. And your Father who sees in secret shall reward you openly. (Matthew 6:6) God is in a "secret" place, not in a place known by humans. I think one of the great deceptions of Satan is to make people believe that God is inside them and that they only need to look inside themselves to find God.

Matthew 24:27 (TS2009) For as the lightning comes from the east and shines to the west, so also shall the coming of the Son of Adam be.

In a time of great spiritual darkness in this ever more Godless world ruled by Satan, the Son of God will shine His spiritual light of truth that will be seen by everyone. See also Psalms 97.

Matthew 24:28 (TS2009) For wherever the dead body is, there the vultures shall be gathered together.

Likely this saying is to emphasize the certainty of His second coming. Maybe this is also a reference to the fall of Babylon the Great close to the time of the end. Revelation 18:1-2 reads: And after this I saw another messenger coming down from the heaven, having great authority, and the earth was lightened from his esteem. And he cried with a mighty voice, saying, “Babel the great is fallen, is fallen, and has become a dwelling place of demons, a haunt for every unclean spirit, and a haunt for every unclean and hated bird.

Matthew 24:29 (TS2009) And immediately after the distress of those days the sun shall be darkened, and the moon shall not give its light, and the stars shall fall from the heaven, and the powers of the heavens shall be shaken.

This is the great day of the wrath of God (Joel 2:31, Acts 2:20). The stars shall fall from the heaven confirms that Satan and his fallen angels will be banned from heaven and thrown to the earth. They will be thrown to earth after they loose the war with Michael and his army (Revelation 12:7-9). Satan and his demons will persecute God's chosen ones and God's people and they will try to deceive as many people as possible in the short time they have left on earth, because they know their time is short. See also Revelation 6:12-14, Joel 2:10,31, 3:15, Isaiah 13:10, Ezekiel 32:7.

Matthew 24:30-31 (TS2009) And then the sign of the Son of Adam shall appear in the heaven, and then all the tribes of the earth shall mourn, and they shall see the Son of Adam coming on the clouds of the heaven with power and much esteem. And He shall send His messengers with a great sound of a trumpet, and they shall gather together His chosen ones from the four winds, from one end of the heavens to the other.

Satan and his demons will persecute and kill God's chosen ones on earth and the messengers of the Son of God will gather them to complete the government of God's Kingdom (Revelation 7:1-4). They will be gathered from the four winds, from one end of the heavens to the other. Mark gives a parallel: And then He shall send His messengers, and assemble His chosen ones from the four winds , from the farthest part of earth to the farthest part of heaven. (Mark 13:27) The phrase "from the farthest part of earth" further confirms that a remainder of God's chosen ones is on earth in the time of the end.

Matthew 24:32-33 (TS2009) And learn this parable from the fig tree: When its branch has already become tender and puts forth leaves, you know that the summer is near. So you also, when you see all these, know that He is near, at the doors.

In Revelation 6 we read: the stars of the heaven fell to the earth, as a fig tree drops its unripe figs. In Jeremiah 24 good figs represent God's faithful people and bad figs represent unfaithful people.

Matthew 24:34-35 (TS2009) Truly, I say to you, this generation shall by no means pass away until all this takes place. The heaven and the earth shall pass away, but My words shall by no means pass away.

This could mean that the generation of God's chosen ones living in the time of the Messiah would be taken up into heaven and would live, waiting until the remainder of their fellow chosen ones would be killed in the time of the end (Revelation 6:10).

Matthew 24:36 (TS2009) But concerning that day and the hour no one knows, not even the messengers of the heavens, but My Father only.

The day of YHWH shall come as a thief in the night (2 Peter 3:10, Revelation 16:15, 1 Thessalonians 5:2). Although we can see the signs of His second coming, and know when the time is near, nobody except God knows the exact date or time. Not even the Son of God knows.